Petroxicon Inc - Business Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1723 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? PETROXICON INC. BUSINESS PLAN Introduction The plan is to open a gasoline pump for the public and the nature of the business will be the Corporation. There will be no convenient store in it. The name of the Company will be PETROXICON Inc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Petroxicon Inc Business Plan" essay for you Create order Analysis of the International Business Situation Economic Analysis The United States financial flexibility score is 76.2, making its economy the twelfth freest in the 2015 Index. Its score is 0.7 point higher than a year ago, with unassuming picks up in six of the 10 financial flexibilities, including control of government spending, exceeding a slight decrease in business flexibility. In spite of the fact that the sharp descending winding in U.S. financial opportunity since 2008 has arrived at an end in the 2015 Index, a 1.6-point decrease in general monetary flexibility in the course of recent years reflects expansive based decays in key arrangement zones, especially those identified with maintaining the principle of law and constrained government. Keeping on trailling such similar economies as Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, and Canada, America has been positioned basically free following 2010. The weak post-subsidence recuperation has been described by moderate development, high unemployment, a diminishing in the quant ity of Americans looking for work, and extraordinary vulnerability that has kept down venture. Expanded duty and administrative weights, disturbed by preference toward dug in investments, have undercut Americas verifiably rapid entrepreneurial development. Rule of Law Corruption in government and the political procedure remains a worry. Abnormal amounts of government spending and the extension and unpredictability of the administrations administrative plan have expanded open doors for political partiality and cronyism. The legal capacities freely. Insurance of property rights has been uneven, with examples of administrative exceed by the official limb obliging court mediation. Regulatory Attributes The administrative weight has been mounting. Since 2009, more than 150 new significant regulations have been forced at a yearly cost of more than $70 billion. Starting 2014, 125 new regulations were in the pipeline. The work market, essentially managed at the state level, stay s adaptable. Sponsorships for agribusiness, social insurance, and renewable vitality have reproduced financial twists. (United states, 2015) (Economy, 2015) Political Analysis The United States is an elected protected republic, in which the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and legal offer forces saved to the national government, and the central government offers power with the state governments. The official limb is going by the President and is free of the council. Authoritative force is vested in the two councils of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The legal limb (or legal), made out of the Supreme Court and lower government courts, practices legal force (or legal). The legals capacity is to translate the United States Constitution and government laws and regulations. This incorporates determining debate between the official and administrative extensions. The central governments format is clarified in the Constitution. Two political gatherings, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, have ruled American governmental issues subsequent to the American Civil War, albeit there are additionally littler gatherings like the Libertarian Party, the Green Party, and the Constitution Party. (Politics, 2015) (Bradner, 2015) (Politics, 2015) (Estimated Political Stability, 2015) Tax Implications In shaping a company, forthcoming shareholders trade cash, property, or both, for the partnerships capital stock. An organization by and large takes the same conclusions as a sole proprietorship to figure its assessable salary. An enterprise can likewise take exceptional conclusions. For government pay duty purposes, a C enterprise is perceived as a different taxpaying substance. An enterprise conducts business, acknowledges net salary or misfortune, pays duties and disseminates benefits to shareholders. The benefit of a partnership is burdened to the company when earned, and afterw ard is saddled to the shareholders when dispersed as profits. This makes a twofold assessment. The organization does not get an assessment reasoning when it appropriates profits to shareholders. Shareholders cant deduct any loss of the company. On the off chance that you are a C company, utilize the data as a part of the outline underneath to help you focus a portion of the structures you may be obliged to record. Corporations that have resources of $10 million or more and document no less than 250 profits yearly are obliged to electronically record their Forms 1120 and 1120S for duty years finishing on or after December 31, 2007. For more e-record data, see References/Related Topics recorded underneath. To abstain from being withheld upon, an outside monetary organization may enlist with the IRS, get a Global Intermediary Identification Number (GIIN) and report certain data on U.S. records to the IRS. (IRS, 2015) TRADING AREA AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS Geographic and Demographic Data The City of Houstons populace is *2,233,310 .The place that is known for zone of Houston is 675 square miles. The Planning and Development Department utilizes data from the U.S. Registration Bureau alongside different offices to create demographic information and assessments for the City and in addition City Council Districts and City Super Neighborhoods. Demographic information incorporates, however is not restricted to: populace, lodging, family, wage and other social attributes.(Demographic data, 2015) Culture and Heritage Houston was an entrepreneurial spot from the snippet of its establishing. In 1832 two siblings from new York State-John K. Allen, a businessperson and visionary, and his sibling Augustus, an accountant and a logical thinker joined many Americans who ate up shabby scrip offered by Galveston Land Company and approved by Mexico. It passed on the privilege to settle the totally open Mexican condition of Coahuila-Texas. The Allens headed for Nacogdoches, a town of interest on the fringe between Mexican Texas and American Louisiana, where talk of upheaval against Mexico matured. They got to know Sam Houston, a goliath of a man who had served as Tennessee senator and a U.S. congressman before the rural and rode to Texas to blend up inconvenience for the benefit of President Andrew Jackson. Gasoline Consumption Four Texas districts rank among the countrys main ten clients of fuel, as indicated by another study discharged today by the Sierra Club, League of Conservation Voters and the Natural Resources Defense Council. The three ecological gatherings considered gas utilization in every area in America, and additionally every capita use. Furthermore, whether you believe its a decent or an awful thing, Texas was spoken to on the rundown more regularly than whatever other state. Harris County completed second in that country, behind just Los Angeles, with a yearly utilization of almost 1.7 billion gallo ns of oil, or 329 gallons of oil every individual. Dallas completed fourth (behind Chicagos Cook County) at 1.15 billion gallons à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  however occupants in Big D utilized more gas every capita than their Houston partners, 368 gallons to 329. Tarrant and Bexar Counties completed ninth and tenth in the country. Industry Facts The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 incorporated an extended Renewable Fuel Standard, which the EPA used to add to a last administer successful July 1, 2010. To conform to the Standard, biofuel makers and shippers must mix expanding measures of biofuels into gas and diesel. Nonetheless, there have been issues with the administrations unique expectations in regards to the supply and interest of gas; U.S. gas interest has dropped while supply has expanded because of the shale and characteristic gas upset in North America. Likewise, cellulosic innovations have not grew as fast obviously and there are no business plants to date. The EP A hurried through endorsement of an up to 15 percent ethanol mix (E15) without sufficient testing, prompting similarity issues with E15, poor shopper acknowledgement and noteworthy foundation and expense challenges. PRODUCT INFORMATION Proposed Organization There will be a public limited liability company registered in the stock exchange. There are numerous points of interest for an organization opening up to the world. As said prior, the budgetary profit as raising capital is the most particular point of interest. Capital can be utilized to reserve innovative work, store capital use or even used to pay off existing obligation. An alternate playing point is an expanded open familiarity with the organization in light of the fact that IPOs regularly create exposure by making their items known to another gathering of potential clients. Public organizations additionally are confronted with the included weight of the business which may make them concentrate all the more on transient results instead of long haul development. The activities of the organizations administration additionally gotten to be progressively investigated as financial specialists continually search for rising benefits. This may lead administ ration to perform to a degree flawed practices to help profit. Pricing Policy The use and valuing of fuel (or petrol) results from elements, for example, raw petroleum costs, preparing and conveyance costs, nearby request, the quality of neighborhood coinage, neighborhood levy, and the accessibility of nearby wellsprings of gas (supply). Since powers are exchanged around the world, the exchange costs are comparative. The cost paid by buyers to a great extent reflects national evaluating approach. A few locales, for example, Europe and Japan, force high assessments on gas (petrol); others, for example, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, sponsor the cost.[1] Western nations have among the most astounding use rates every individual. The biggest buyer is the United States, which utilized a normal of 368 million US gallons (1.46 gigalitres) every day in 2011. PLANNED FINANCING EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To catch an expanding offer of the suburbanite movement going through Houston. To offer our clients predominant items, at a reasonable cost. To give client benefit that is second to none. MISSION The mission of PETROXICON INC. is to offer workers on Highways of Houston a reasonable gas costs and awesome sustenance. The organization will make a solid benefit for its shareholders and give a compensating workplace to its representatives. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES Great quality items at lowest reasonable cost. Phenomenal client benefit that will advance client dedication to come again. Assurance of 100% accurate pumps so that no fuel will be theft. An area that will guarantee that workers will stop. References Bradner, E. (2015). Politics. Retrieved from CNN: https://edition.cnn.com/politics Demographic data. (2015). Retrieved from Houstontx: https://www.houstontx.gov/planning/demographic-data Economy. (2015). Retrieved from USPOLITICS: https://uspolitics.about.com/od/economy/ Estimated Political Stability. (2015). Retrieved from Quandl: https://www.quandl.com/c/society/estimated-political-stability-by-country IRS. (2015). Corporations. Retrieved from IRS.GOV: https://www.irs.gov/Businesses/Corporations Politics. (2015). Retrieved from iHavenet: https://www.ihavenet.com/politics.html Politics. (2015). Retrieved from Huffingtonpost: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/politics/ United states. (2015). Retrieved from Heritage.org: https://www.heritage.org/index/country/unitedstates

The Rise and Fall of Communism in the Soviet Union Essay

The command system, which is also described as Marxism, socialism, or communism, is both a political and economic philosophy. In a communist economy, the government owns most of the firms, subsequently controlling production and allocation of resources. One of the most well-known and well-documented cases of a communist government took place in the Soviet Union, beginning in 1917 and eventually falling in 1992. Idealistically, communism eliminates social classism and provides equal work for all in a particular society. The government appoints a central planning board to â€Å"determine production goals for each enterprise and to specify the amount of resources to be allocated to each enterprise so that it can reach its production goals.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Due to the extreme focus on heavy industry, there were shortages of consumer goods, and subsequently, inflation grew. To satisfy the state’s increasing need for food supplies, the First Five Year Plan introduced the concept of collectivization. Collectivization entailed compounding peasants’ land and animals, and state farms to provide food to the growing industrial sector. The collectivization movement was not received well by the peasants, and as a result, Stalin altered his plan of action. In 1933, he introduced the Second Five-Year Plan. With this plan, he set more realistic goals, and increased the focus on producing consumer goods and increasing industrial output in general. By 1940, after a Third Five-Year Plan was implemented, the Soviet economy was completely industrialized. During 1937 to 1939, several trials were held where many of the Old Bolsheviks were found guilty of treason. These trials became a means to exterminate potential political rivals and critics of Stalin. Those found guilty were executed. These publically held trials were accompanied by a widespread â€Å"purge†, that sent millions to prison camps. Among the purged were several of the Soviet Army’s military headships. A lack of experienced leadership played a significant role in the Soviet Union’s poor performance during the Second World War. Following the death of Joseph Stalin, in March 1953, Nikita Khrushchev became First Secretary of the All Union Party. Khrushchev’sShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Cold War1716 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Cold War, a conflict between the United States and Soviet Union, the two global superpowers at the time. Given the name â€Å"Cold War† only for the fact that neither the Soviet Union nor the United States fought directly with one another, instead the war was waged through allies in the form of proxy wars and through increased use of intensive espionage, a never-ending arms race, immense technological competition and on a political forefront as both sides tried to gain the upper handRead MoreCommunism : A Theory Or System Of Social Organization1376 Words   |  6 PagesCommunism Communism is a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. The word ‘communism’ derived from Latin word ‘communis’ which means common, universal. ( Dictionary Reference- Communism) In the 1840s, a German philosopher named Karl Marx published books that talking about Marxism which is known as communism nowadays. Marx said class struggle is a problem of the society. MarxRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Communist Soviet Union Ultimately Led1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe collapse of the communist Soviet Union ultimately led to the end of the cold war. The dissolution of the USSR in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. Thus highlighting the inferiority of communism and the superiority of western capitalism. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, however, was a result of both domestic and international factors including policies established by both the US and the Soviet leaders, most importantly Gorbachev’s ‘New Thinking’ reforms combined withRead MoreThe Fall of the Soviet Union1179 Words   |  5 Pages The fall of the Soviet Union Before one can understand the fall of the Soviet Union, he has to know how the nation came into being and the leaders, and the location of the country and the time period of its reign. How did the Soviet Union come into existence? Through the 1900’s the Soviet Union was entangled in a vast number of conflicts all because they wanted to spread communism. Subsequently, the rampant spread of communism and Soviet ideals had an impact in the First World War, Second WorldRead MoreUnited States And The Soviet Union1651 Words   |  7 Pages7 April, 2017 DBQ After the World War II, the tension between both the United States and the Soviet Union were extremely high. This mistrust between the two nations led to the Cold War that had lasted approximately 45 years before ending in 1991. Although the war had ended, Americans were still in fear of the spreading of communism that may affect their society as a whole. Americans also feared the Soviet Union’s new technological advances such as the launch of Sputnik in 1957. In response, EisenhowerRead MoreThe Main Causes for the Fall of the Soviet Union760 Words   |  3 PagesThe main causes of the fall of the Soviet Union was because the Soviet Union couldn’t afford to keep up with the arms race during the cold war, the government couldn’t manage to keep the people content with things such as housing and food and communism government system completely failed in the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was built on about the same territory as the Russian Empire which it succeeded. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, Socialism was a newly formed government that was developedRead MoreThe Threat Of The Korean War889 Words   |  4 PagesChinese communist forces. Following Acheson s decleration that the US did not posess interest in the Korean pennisnular, the North Korean Communist government in Pyongyang orchestrated an attack on Southen Korea. North Korean forces, backed by the Soviet Union, outgunned the weaker and ill prepared South Korea, pushing them to retreat to the city of Pusan on the southern shore of the Korean peninsular within a few months. In response to this attack the United Nations Security Council condemned the attackRead MoreContainment: Cold War and George C. Marshall Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesyour response. * First laid out by George F. Kennan in 1947, Containment stated that communism needed to be contained and isolated, or it would spread to neighboring countries. This spread would allow the Domino Theory to take hold, meaning that if one country fell to communism, then each surrounding country would fall   * Kennan sent a 8000 telegram to the U.s (long telegram) he told insight on soviets and there ruthless expansion. He said that â€Å"firm and vigilant containment† could stopRead MoreEssay on The Legacy of President Ronald Reagan1141 Words   |  5 Pages During the 1980s, the legacy of Ronald Reagan was reflected upon the Iran-Contra affair, the fall of communism, and the impact of illegal drugs. The Iran-Contra affair jeopardized the very legacy of the president. Reagan was appraised for and credited for the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the global threat of communism. Another form of threat to the legacy of Reagan and his administration was the threat of illegal drugs in the United States. Thus proving how much the 1980s was an era ofRead MoreThe Difficult Foreign Policy Issues Faced by Late Twentieth Century Presidents732 Words   |  3 PagesRonald Regan supported a conservative foreign policy and greatly increased military spending, putting the United Sta tes in huge deficit. Ronald Regan is also given credit for the end of the Cold War, and the fall of the Soviet Union and communism by his strong and tough stance against communism. President Jimmy Carter, new to Washington politics, faced many challenges concerning his foreign policy. He shaped his foreign policy through human rights, and a strong commitment to freedom and democracy

Collaboration in Professional Practice free essay sample

Collaboration is key to providing good quality *patient/client/service user centred care Discuss The aim of this assignment is to explore the importance of effective interprofessional collaboration in quality patient/client/service/user centred care. The author works as a children’s nurse, and in the field of paediatric nursing the main area of concentration is on patient-centred and family-centred care, therefore this essay will mainly focus on exploring these areas. Firstly it will discuss the government policies and background of the introduction of Interprofessional practice, and will then talk about the importance of patient centred care and team working, and about the significance of reflection in developing self-awareness as a collaborative worker, including the importance of action plans. Next it will identify individual and team communication within the practice setting, and the usage of discussion boards. Finally, using practice experience, the necessity of professional behaviour and responsibilities will be discussed, followed by an overview of organisational models in health and social care in relation to practice. Following the election of the new Labour government in 1997, the Department of Health (DOH) have published many White Papers, promising a new and improved National Health Service (NHS) with a desire to put patients first (DOH, 2006). These Papers have recognised and highlighted the importance of teamwork and interprofessional working both between and within health and social care provision. The proposals tend to focus on improving overall health in general, emphasising on preventative care (Day, 2006). The Acheson report followed in 1998, and in its recommendations in section 39. 1 stated that to address health inequalities, there should be joint working between the NHS and regional government, local authorities and other agencies (Acheson, 1998). Another report that highlighted the need for effective interprofessional working arose from the tragic death of Victoria Climbie a failed child protection case. Victoria was only nine years old when she was subjected to months of torture from her aunt, and eventually died in February 2000. During this time she was admitted to hospital several times, visited by social services, health visitors and other professionals, and alerts from relatives were also highlighted. The Victoria Climbie Report (2003) highlighted that there were at least twelve occasions when professionals could have intervened, and to have maybe prevented her death. (Victoria Climbie Report, 2003). More recently, the Department of Health funded a three year project called ‘The Creating an Interprofessional Workforce Programme’ (CIPW), which was hosted by the South West Peninsula Strategic Health Authority. This project covered all aspects of interprofessional learning and development in Health and Social care in England, in close collaboration with the UK Centre for the Advancement of Interprofessional Education (CAIPE), to improve undergraduate and post-graduate education for nursing, allied health professionals and medicine. (CIPW 2006). Family-centred care is a collaborative approach to making decisions and the giving of care, where everyone respects each others knowledge, skills and experience that everyone can bring into a health-care situation. Both the health care team and the family, collaboratively assess the needs of the patient and the development of the care/treatment plan. (The Institute for Family Centred Care). The concept of family-centred care in health has developed over the last fifty years, and is still very significant in children’s nursing today. Glasper and Richardson 2006). This has stemmed from research and awareness of the importance of psychosocial and developmental needs of children, and the part that the family play in their child’s health and well-being. (Eichner et al. 2003). Many studies were carried out on the effects of separation of hospitalised children from their families, the work of John Bowlby on Attachment is probably the most well known. Bowlby focused on the effe cts of mother-child separation, and produced a shocking film ‘A Two Year Old Goes to Hospital’. The conclusion of his works shows devastating effects of maternal separation, and led to families being able to visit their children in hospital. Coyne (1995) states that parental access to hospitalised children and their participation in the child’s care, are viewed as central aspects in family-centred care. (Lindsay 2001). With regard to family centred care and its importance in the children’s welfare, many hospitals adopted policies that welcomed families to stay with their child throughout their stay, and encourages them o participate in the child’s care. Shelton et al (1987) developed a comprehensive framework, in collaboration with parents to provide family-centred care to families with children that have special health care needs. This framework has been revised and updated in the last ten years, putting the nine main elements in order of importance – the first being respect for the family as the constant in the child’s life, and second famil y/professional collaboration. The name given to all of the professionals involved with the patient is ‘the multidisciplinary team’ (MDT). It is important that the MDT work together to give the patient the best treatment available that is acceptable to them. To enhance collaboration between all involved, multidisciplinary team meeting should be held regularly to keep each other up-to-date with the plan of care. The MDT in paediatric care could include any mixture of nursing staff, medical staff, surgical staff, specialist nurses, support staff, audiologists, child development workers, child psychotherapists, dieticians, occupational therapists, ophthalmologists, pharmacists, social workers, speech and language coordinators, ultrasonographers, radiographers and more, depending on the patient and their needs. MDT meetings are very important in paediatric nursing, due to possible child abuse and neglect cases. In such cases, the police may also be involved, and treatment would be aimed at the family and the child – not just the child. (Blumenthal 1994). Many authors have tried to define family-centred care, they all seem to agree that implementation of family centred care involves not only the nursing staff, but the entire health care system. (Moules and Ramsey 1998). To be an effective collaborative worker, it is important to know yourself and your capabilities, to understand what makes us do the things we do and why we do them, also to be self-aware. Self-awareness is a vital aspect of professional development. People are born into different backgrounds and are different in their ways, motivations, thoughts and beliefs; however as a professional, it is important to recognise how these affect others to be able to establish and maintain therapeutic relationships with patients. (Swapna 2007) Knowing our own thoughts and feelings, strengths and weaknesses gives us the ability to guide us in our decision making, and also helps us to become more self-confident in our approaches (Roper et al). . Reflection is a tool that can aid the development of self-awareness, allowing us to gain a greater degree of control in our practice. As stated by Jane Day (2006) the work of Donald Schon (1983) is widely regarded to be the most influential on the subject of reflection. (Day 2006). Schon (1987) differentiated between reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. The former takes place during practice whilst the person observes, interacts, and alters their reactions and behaviour whilst working. The second occurs after the encounter, when the details are remembered and reconstructed in the mind, to gain fresh insights and to make amendments if necessary to benefit future practice. (Taylor 2004) (Smith 2001). We can learn a lot from experiences, and by reflecting on them we can improve on our actions in the future, this process is called reflective practice. Reflective practice became a concept for learning in the 1980’s, and is now positively encouraged for all health care professionals. (McQuaid, Huband, Parker 1996). There are three components of reflective practice, things (experiences) that happen to a person; the reflective processes that enable that person to learn from those experiences, and the action that results from the new perspectives that are taken. Jasper 2003). For nurses, it is a statutory requirement for registration with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) to identify one’s own professional development by engaging in activities such as reflection, in and on practice. (NMC 2004). Over the years, various frameworks have been developed for use and guidance in the reflection process; however these can be adapted or adjusted to suit different circumstances and personal preferences. Two of the most widely used models are Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988) and Johns Model of Structured Reflection (1994). In the author’s opinion, Gibbs (1998) reflective cycle is the easiest one to remember, as there are only six headings – description of the event, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, action plan – therefore an ideal one to use with reflection-in-action. John’s model (1994) on the other hand is more structured, has five cue questions, which are then further divided into more focuses, to promote a more detailed reflection – making this model more suited to reflection-on-action. Reflection can be a personal experience, or can be used as part of a team discussion. Using a discussion board, our group members were able to eflect on experiences that had happened to them in their practice placements. I found this an extremely useful experience, in which we could help others by discussing scenarios that we had all encountered as students. In relation to my experience, my first placement was on a children’s ward at a local district hospital. Her e I had a really good opportunity to use a patient on whom I was able to reflect on, and to use my self-awareness. The child, a girl of eight years, had been brought in by ambulance and was admitted to our ward with an extremely severe asthma attack. A short while after her admission her condition worsened and the doctors decided to transfer her into the High Dependency Unit. This frightened me as I had recently bereaved a friend’s daughter of nine years, who had died from asthma, and was frightened that this patient was also going to die. I didn’t know if I could cope with this, so I decided to briefly warn my mentor of my predicament, and we decided that if I felt I couldn’t cope, that I should just quietly leave the room. I found that by reflecting on my past experience, I was able to predict how I might react to the situation. With this self-awareness, I was able to confront my fears and it made me stronger and more confident about facing similar scenarios in the future. Good communication in health care leads to better care for the patient. (Lloyd, Bor 1996). Communication is only effective when it is a two way process, and an effective response from the patient will ensure that they receive an accurate diagnose and the right treatment. There are three main types of communication, written (eg email or letters), verbal (eg words spoken) or sounds and non-verbal (eg facial expressions, body language, or touch). In the writers opinion the key to good communication is listening. Egan (2002) devised an acronym to aid listening and communication skills ‘SOLER’ – this practice is used to help clients or patients to trust the care-giver and to feel safe. SOLER is S to Sit Squarely in relation to the patient; O to have an Open posture, L to Lean towards the patient; E to maintain Eye contact; and R to stay Relaxed. (Egan 2002) This process ensures good communication, helps the client/patient to trust the care-giver and to feel safe. In paediatric nursing, there are many barriers to good communication – the age of the child, language, shyness, fear and even families can be perceived as barriers. Use of appropriate communication for age is essential, and could use benefit from the use of toys or books. Another problem I have frequently encountered on my placements is the barrier of language, as some families may speak little or no English at all; to overcome this barrier completely a translator must be called upon, however I have managed to communicate sometimes by using body language or pointing to items or drawing pictures. In addition to working and communicating with the patients and their families, the role of a children’s nurse, is to collaborate and work in partnership with other health professionals. (Roper et al) Lingard et al (2005) reported that when medical errors take place, the reasons for the error are often traced back to breakdowns in communication between members of the healthcare team. The department with the highest error rates was found to be in the surgical areas, leading to wrong site surgery taking place. (Lingard et al 2005). Communication breakdowns can also be detrimental in the community, as was discussed previously in the case of Victoria Climbie. Victoria died as a result of communication breakdowns no less than twelve times. I have witnessed and felt part of good communication whilst on placement. On a medical ward setting, I was looking after a baby with cystic fibrosis who needed a strict diet regime and physiotherapy twice daily. I noticed that the physiotherapist usually arrived just after a feed, and the baby was likely vomit if she had her physiotherapy carried out at this time. We discussed how we could help the baby and each other, and we devised a plan that I would bleep the physiotherapist after the baby had fed, and then she would try to come at least one hour after that time, to allow the baby to digest her feed. The same baby was also under the watch of social services, as a failure to thrive. The mother was only sixteen years old and although she was very loving to her baby, she could not cope with the feeding and medication regime away from the hospital setting. Each time she was discharged the baby was soon readmitted due to weight loss. Weekly MDT meeting were held with doctors, dieticians, ward nurses, cystic fibrosis nurses, social services, the parents and grand-parents, however after two attempts of sending the baby home with her mother, it was decided that it was in the best interest of the child to give care to the paternal grandmother. Patient handovers were also very important on this ward and took place at each staff changeover, behind closed doors, due to patient confidentiality, staff. My current placement is on Post Anaesthetic Recovery Unit, and I find that this area requires extremely good interprofessional communication. The wards hand over to the surgeons/anaesthetists, they then hand over to my department in recovery, and then we hand back over to the wards. We need to listen very carefully to the surgeons to find out what has been done, what needs to be monitored and what medication they have had – and then relay the same information and any new information about the patients recovery, back to the ward. Members of the MDT must be professional at all times. They are highly skilled and competent persons and must act in such a way not to damage their professions reputation, and they must be accountable for their actions at all times. Roger Watson (2002) states that accountability is the very essence of professionalism (Tilley, Watson 2004). Nurses are accountable to the NMC, and have to abide by the NMC Code of Professional Conduct. Failure to comply with these rules is deemed unprofessional and would lead to the offender being struck off of the register, never allowed to practice again. The NMC states that as a professional, one must respect the patient/client as an individual; obtain consent before giving any treatment or care; protect confidential information; cooperate with others in the team; maintain your professional knowledge and competence; be trustworthy and to act to identify and minimise risk to patients/clients. (NMC 2004). One area of responsibility for a nurse is in drug administration. I did however, on one of my placements, witness an accidental drug overdose, by my mentor. This was purely human error due to a Doctors poor handwriting, and although it was double-checked by the Sister of the ward, the dosage was still given incorrectly. As soon as my mentor noticed, she followed the correct procedures, notified the Doctors and later filled in an incident form. I felt terrible for my mentor, but I admired her responsibility and professionalism throughout. I have also been subjected to an unprofessional attitude from a member of staff, where I was told off in the middle of a corridor, in front of parents, for being late in due to a migraine, despite the fact that I’d telephoned to explain – I was told that my behaviour was unprofessional and that if I am ill then I should take the day off and not come in late. On this occasion in my opinion, I believe that the nurse was the one being unprofessional. The situation ended up with me going home in tears. I reflected on this episode and when I have to mentor students, I will never put them through an embarrassing moment like that. If I do have to talk to someone, I will make sure that it is in an office with a closed door. Not only was it upsetting for me, I also think that it was an unpleasant experience for the parents in the corridor – firstly, they would think I was a bad student nurse, and secondly they would see the nurse as being stern, and not as a caring person. Overall, my experiences of interprofessional practice on my three placements so far have been good ones and everyone has been friendly between the MDT. My first placement was on a children’s ward at a district general hospital. The only meetings as such that I attended were the daily handovers between staff at change-over. Here we would discuss patient’s conditions and treatments, and it was always behind closed doors due to the confidentiality of the patients. MDT meetings were called on an ad hoc basis, such as child protection cases. My second placement was on a children’s hospital medical ward for babies of up to three years. It was very similar to my first placement, although I did find that there were MDT meetings once a week and they were always on the same day. This time was set aside in the professional’s schedules to enable them to be free to attend meetings if necessary. Of the two placements, I do feel that the second one had more of a collaborative working practice and they seemed to have more MDT meetings, so maybe this creates a more effective collaborative environment. My third and current placement is by far the most collaborative department I have worked in. We work closely with a number of professionals, all in the same department – Doctors, surgeons, x-ray, nurses and specialist nurses, anaesthetists, operating department practitioners, admin, support workers, porters and more. We all share a kitchen and a recreational lounge as well, which enables us to get to know each other and discuss both work and play. In conclusion, this assignment has explored the necessity of, and the key points of interprofessional learning and collaboration in professional practice. I have experienced both good and bad collaboration and have seen the outcomes of both. In a healthcare setting, it is essential to be professional and to work as part of the team – even more so with my area of paediatric nursing, as the child and family look upon the nurse to be their advocate. I have included appendices of my collaborative discussions with other members of my team, and also of my action plan, which I devised to help me to work towards becoming an effective, interprofessional, collaborative worker.

The Voice Of The Common Soldier Essays - , Term Papers

The Voice Of The Common Soldier: THE VOICE OF THE COMMON SOLDIER: KIPLING AND SOLDIER'S POETRY Kent Harrison 8 May 00 In contemporary times, much criticism has been placed upon Rudyard Kipling for his support of British Imperialism; George Orwell went so far as to call him the prophet of British Imperialism during its expansionist phase. To be sure, a considerable portion of Kipling's works were written in celebration and support of Imperial expansion, but it is short-sighted to simply label him as an Imperial propagandist or apologist. Two of his most oft-condemned poems, Recessional and The White Man's Burden, actually were used by both sides of the colonial issue at the time.1 A reading of Recessional, taken in the context of the prevailing attitudes of the time, seems to indicate that it is a piece about hubris rather than a promotion of the Empire. And the burden that Kipling writes on, while patronizing, was indeed a genuine burden.2 The fact that the British Empire went far in alleviating famine and disease in the conquered territories should not be ignored. It is beyond a doubt, however, tha t Kipling was convinced of Britain's superiority in the world. In For All We Have and Are, for instance, the reader is convinced with the last two lines, What stands if Freedom fall?/Who dies if England live? Kipling was not by far the most vociferous of the jingoists; having been somewhat of an outsider all for his life, he showed great sympathy for those whose lives were wasted in the expansion of the empire, and criticized the Imperial machinery that used them. His poetry as told by the common British soldiers show his ability maintain his status as poet laureate of the Empire while telling the stories of its victims, and at times, condemning it for the way it treated those soldiers. Kipling published Barrack-Room Ballads in 1890, and it immediately gained him great success in England. A collection of poems written in the voice of a London cockney, they display Kipling's remarkable breadth of understanding of soldiers and soldiering during the Victorian era. While reading The Young British Soldier one can perfectly picture a group of such men belting out the words of the song over mugs of beer: When the 'arf-made recruity goes out to the East 'E acts like a babe an' 'e drinks like a beast, An' 'e wonders because 'e is frequent deceased Ere 'e fit for to serve as a soldier, Serve, serve, serve as a soldier, Serve, serve, serve as a soldier, Serve, serve, serve as a soldier, So-oldier of the Queen! Here Kipling echoes the fatalistic humor that seems to infect every soldier in every war. More fatalism and the unwillingness to speak directly of the horrors of battle surface in The Widow's Party: ...For half my comp'ny's laying still Where the Widow give the party. ...We broke a King and we built a road-- A courthouse stands where the regiment goed. And the river's clean where the raw blood flowed When the Widow give the party. Not only does Kipling create a brutal contrast between the soldier's description (a party) and the battle that actually took place, he injects a small amount of disgust that good young men died, all for the purpose of expanding the Empire into some godforsaken land that few in England had ever heard of. More of this veiled disgust surfaces in The Widow at Windsor, written as a British soldier who does not see the Empire as any kind of divine design: Walk wide of the Widow at Windsor, For 'alf of Creation she owns: We 'ave bought 'er the same with the sword 'an the flame, 'An we've salted it down with our bones. (Poor beggars! -- it's blue with our bones!) Take 'old of the Wings o' the Mornin', An' flop round the earth till you're dead; But you won't get away from the tune that they play To the bloomin' old rag over'ead. (Poor beggars! -- it's 'ot over'ead!) The theme that overrides in much of Kipling's poetry, however, is his sympathy for the common soldier and his treatment by those he is serving. Tommy endures to this day as the best commentary on the relationship between the soldier and the non-combatant public: I went into a theatre as sober as could be, They gave a drunk civilian room, but 'adn't